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What is Turner syndrome?

Turner syndrome, also known as monosomy X or mosaic Turner syndrome, is a genetic disorder that affects 1 in 2,000 newborn females at birth.

It causes growth failure before birth that continues into infancy and childhood, later emphasized by the absence of puberty. If left untreated, girls with Turner syndrome will usually achieve an adult height that is significantly shorter than that of their peers.

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What causes
Turner syndrome?

Each of us is born with two chromosomes. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome; females have two X chromosomes. Females born with Turner syndrome have one normal X chromosome, while the other is either partially or completely missing.


Turner Syndrome is a congenital condition, meaning someone is born with it and it cannot be prevented. While genetic in nature, Turner Syndrome is not usually inherited.


Signs and symptoms

In addition to a noticeable lack of height, about 30% of girls with Turner syndrome have extra folds of skin on the neck (webbed neck), a low hairline at the back of the neck, swelling of the hands and feet, skeletal abnormalities, or kidney problems. One-third to one-half of children with Turner syndrome are born with a heart defect.

Other physical traits associated with Turner syndrome include:

Broad
chest

Dental
problems

Lazy eye or
drooping eyelids

Many moles
on the skin

Spine
curvature

Missing knuckles
in a finger or toe

Small
lower jaw

A teenage girl with her hair pinned back translates something sitting back to the lens of the doctor.
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Testing and Diagnosis

Turner syndrome may be diagnosed in pregnancy through amniocentesis, a form of prenatal testing. Otherwise, a child may receive a diagnosis soon after birth or at any time through childhood or adulthood, based on physical symptoms.

A genetic test called a karyotype analysis can confirm that one of the X chromosomes is fully or partially missing.

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Treatment

Treatment for Turner syndrome should be tailored to the needs of a child’s specific symptoms and development.

Children with Turner syndrome often work with a team of doctors, including pediatricians, pediatric endocrinologists, and cardiologists.
 


Turner syndrome treatment often
focuses on hormones and may include:

Hormone Treatment

Injections of human growth hormone can increase height.

In the photo, two foams for injection of the drug Omnitrope.

Omnitrope

Omnitrope is a human growth hormone treatment for growth hormone-related disorders, including Turner syndrome.

Learn more about Omnitrope
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Estrogen therapy

Often, people with Turner syndrome need estrogen, a female hormone. Estrogen replacement can help girls develop breasts and begin menstrual periods, as well as improve brain development, heart and liver function, and skeletal health.

Cyclic progestins

These hormones are often added at age 11 or 12 to help induce menstrual periods.

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A group of children playing in the open air. In the foreground running with a smile teenage girl in a blue blouse and shorts of the same color. Behind her, in the background, other children running.

Prognosis

While their life expectancy might be slightly shorter than average, women with Turner syndrome can expect to live essentially normal lives with treatment of related conditions.

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Health and support

Advocacy groups can provide information for you or for loved ones who have been diagnosed with Turner syndrome.

Visit the Turner syndrome foundation


Questions about Omnitrope?

FAQs

To learn more about Omnitrope and our comprehensive patient support services, see our FAQ page for frequently asked questions about Omnitrope.

 

Read FAQs

Contact Us

You can also call our OmniSource team at the number below. We can walk you through the process of getting started with Omnitrope.

Available: Monday – Friday, 8AM – 8PM ET

Phone: 877-456-6794

 

Indications and Important Safety Information

Indications
Omnitrope is a prescription medicine that contains human growth hormone and is used to treat:

  • Children with growth failure due to growth hormone deficiency (GHD), Prader-Willi Syndrome, Small for Gestational Age, Turner Syndrome, and Idiopathic Short Stature
  • Adults with either adult onset or childhood onset GHD

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Who should not take Omnitrope®?

Omnitrope should not be used by children or adults that have:

  • a critical illness caused by certain types of heart or stomach surgery, accidental trauma, or a sudden and severe breathing problem (respiratory failure)
  • Prader-Willi syndrome who are severely overweight or have a history of breathing problems including sleep apnea
  • cancer or other tumors
  • allergies to growth hormone or any of the ingredients in the medicine
  • certain types of eye problems caused by diabetes
  • closed bone growth plates

What should patients tell their healthcare provider before taking Omnitrope?

Patients should tell their healthcare provider about all of their medical conditions, including if they: 

  • have had heart or stomach surgery, trauma, or serious breathing
    problems
  • have or have had cancer or any tumor
  • have diabetes
  • take any prescription and non-prescription medicines, steroids, vitamins, or herbal supplements
  • are pregnant or breastfeeding, or plan to become pregnant or
    breastfeed 

What are the most common side effects of Omnitrope?

  • local reactions at the injection site (such as pain, numbness,
    redness and swelling)
  • headaches
  • swelling associated with fluid retention
  • pain in joints and muscle pain
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
  • tingling and numbness
  • high blood sugar (hyperglycemia/diabetes) and sugar in your urine
    (glucosuria)
  • unusual skin sensations
  • low levels of thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism)

Other possible side effects of Omnitrope are:

  • return of tumor or cancerous growths
  • headaches, changes in vision, nausea or vomiting (these may be
    symptoms of raised pressure in the brain which requires immediate
    medical attention)
  • hip and knee pain or a limp in children, that can be a sign of
    slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  • worsening of pre-existing curvature of the spine in children
    (scoliosis)
  • increased ear infections and ear disorders in children with Turner
    syndrome; check for cardiovascular disorders (hypertension,
    stroke)
  • intense pain and tenderness in the abdomen as consequence of an
    inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
  • gasping syndrome (decreased rate of breathing) in children from
    high levels of benzyl alcohol (an inactive ingredient)
  • Increased mortality in patients with Prader Willi and acute illness

Please see full Prescribing Information for Omnitrope.

You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sandoz Inc. at 1-800-525-8747 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.